In nature, iron, copper, lead, nickel and other metals are found in impure states called ores, often oxidized and mixed in with silicates of other metals. During smelting, when the ore is exposed to high temperatures, these impurities are separated from the molten metal and can be removed. Slag is the collection of compounds that are removed. In many smelting processes, oxides are introduced to control the slag chemistry, assisting in the removal of impurities and protecting the furnace refractorylining from excessi
Copper-nickel-sulphide ores mined in the Rustenburg district of South Africa are generally smelted in electric furnaces because of the high-temperature slag produced, the availability of chea~ electric power, and the smaller pollution problems. Apart from melting, the functions of the electric furnace are to recover most of the matte
May 25, 2020· Copper slag is a by-product created during the copper smelting and refining process. As refineries draw metal out of copper ore, they produce a large volume of non-metallic dust, soot, and rock. Collectively, these materials make up slag, which can be used for a surprising number of applications in the building and industrial fields.
Copper smelting slag typically contains about 1 wt.% copper and 40 wt.% iron depending upon the initial ore quality and the furnace type. Main components of copper slag are iron oxide and silica
nickel, copper and cobalt as well as a slag that is stockpiled on site and is managed to strict environmental standards. The furnace matte is then transferred to the converter aisle to further reduce the iron content and concentrate the pay metal content. The
The electric pulse treatment of slag is considered as an additional operation in the technological scheme extraction of non-ferrous metals from copper smelting slags in addition with mechanical
In the hydrometallurgical processes, the ore or concentrate is brought into close contact with a leach solution (frequently sulfuric acid) that dissolves the copper and leaves a residue of gangue (and frequently precious metals). Various systems, some quite complex, are used to bring copper minerals into contact with the leach solution, wash and filter the residue, and finally purify the solution to remove
Copper-nickel-sulphide ores mined in the Rustenburg district of South Africa are generally smelted in electric furnaces because of the high-temperature slag produced, the availability of chea~ electric power, and the smaller pollution problems. Apart from melting, the functions of the electric furnace are to recover most of the matte
7.3.3 Nickel and copper-nickel slag Nickel production from high-magnesium nickel oxide ores follows a pyrometallurgical process including prereduction, smelting in a blast furnace, and nickel enrichment refining. 71 During the smelting stage, besides the nickel alloy, nickel slag is also generated.
from nickel sulfide ores often contain other metals such as copper, and precious metals, and consideration should be given to further processing for their recovery. Slag can be used as construction material after nickel recovery as appropriate (e.g. return of converter slag to the furnace). Sanitary sewage effluents require
Copper slag is a by-product obtained during smelting and refining of copper. Copper smelting slag typically contains about 1 wt.% copper and 40 wt.% iron depending upon the initial ore quality and
Flash smelting; Flash smelting (Finnish: Liekkisulatus) is a smelting process for sulfur-containing ores including chalcopyrite. The process was developed by Outokumpu in Finland and first applied at the Harjavalta plant in 1949 for smelting copper ore. It has also been adapted for nickel
The electric pulse treatment of slag is considered as an additional operation in the technological scheme extraction of non-ferrous metals from copper smelting slags in addition with mechanical
1. Wide adaptability to raw material, from iron, copper, copper-nickel, zinc, lead and zinc-lead complex concentrate; 2. Application of rich-oxygen air blast offers high smelting temperature, enhances hearth capacity and generates high concentration SO 2 gas suitable for sulfuric acid-making; 3.
copper, gold, nickel, cobalt and PGM’s [10, 11]. 3. Non Ferrous slags 3.1 Physico chemical antecedents Figure 2 explains the behaviour of the FeO-Fe 2 O 3-SiO 2 ternary system, which best represents acid slag associated to copper extraction. It is possible to appreciate a liquid region inside these components,
(2009) conducted cleaning experiments of a copper matte smelting slag from the water-jacket furnace by direct reduction in a laboratory-scale electric furnace. The effects of coal-to-slag ratio and the reduction time were considered for two different coal/slag mixing procedures. After roasting of copper and nickel ores in roasters, a
A typical copper ore contains between 0.5% and 2.0% copper. A high grade ore produces a high yield of metal. A low grade order produces a low yield of metal. Copper can be extracted from sulfide ores (usually higher grade ores) by direct smelting. The earliest evidence of copper smelting occurs in Serbian artefacts dating from around 5000 BC.
AN INTRODUCTION TO OUTOTEC FLASH SMELTING With flexibility, low energy consumption, high sulfur capture, and excellent economy of scale, Outotec Flash Smelting technology is the world’s leading method for copper and nickel smelting. More than half of the world’s primary copper and nickel is produced using Outotec’s proprietary process.
The nickel content in such sulRde ores is generally low (0.2}3%) and varies from place to place in the same deposit. The low nickel content of the present-day nickel sulRde ores renders them unsuitable for either direct smelting or hydrometal-lurgical extraction, thus requiring beneRciation. The usual method of nickel extraction from sulRde
Mar 04, 1997· Copper and or nickel sulfide ore concentrates of high intrinsic value are oxygen smelted by introducing such concentrates via feeds (32) into a closed loop extraction circuit in which a molten sulphide carrier composition is forcibly circulated by an R-H unit (14) through lower hearth (10) at which feed of the concentrates takes place, and upper hearth (12) at which controlled oxidation with
Jul 06, 2020· ondary streams such as slag, acid and dust. Copper Content in Ores and Concentrates A global copper mine-by-mine review undertaken by ICSG found that the global average copper ore grade was as low as 0.45% copper in reported reserves and only 0.65% copper in 2015 copper mine production. Global weighted average of copper